Help PreviousNext

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

TU


TUBAL

tu'-bal (tubhal, tubhal; Septuagint Thobel, Codex Alexandrinus in Ezek 39:1, Thober): As the text stands, Tubal and Meshech are always coupled, except in Isa 66:19 (Massoretic Text) and Ps 120:5. In the former passage Tubal is yoked with Javan; in the latter Meshech occurs in 120:5 and Kedar in 120:6. In Gen 10:2 parallel, they are sons of Japheth. In Ezekiel (27:13) the two are mentioned as exporters of slaves and copper, as a warlike people of antiquity (32:26), in the army of Gog (38:2 ff; 39:1). Josephus identifies them with the Iberians and Cappadocians respectively; but they are most probably the Tibarenoi, and Moschoi, first mentioned in Herodotus iii.94 as belonging to the 19th satrapy of Darius, and again (vii.78) as furnishing a contingent to the host of Xerxes. Equally obvious is their identity with the Tabali and Muski of the Assyrian monuments, where the latter is mentioned as early as Tiglath-pileser I, and the former under Shalmaneser II; both are described as powerful military states. They appear together in Sargon's inscriptions; and during this entire period their territory must have extended much farther South and West than in Greek-Roman times. They are held (Winckler and Jeremias) to have been remnants of the old Hittite population which were gradually driven (probably by the Cimmerian invasion) to the mountainous district Southeast of the Black Sea.

Horace J. Wolf


TUBAL-CAIN

tu'-bal-kan (tubhal qayin): One of the sons of Lamech (Gen 4:22). He is a brother of Jabal and Jubal, who appear to have been the founders of several industries and articles The text (loTesh kol choresh nechosheth u-bharzel) has been the cause of endless dispute. Holzinger and Gunkel hold that laTash was a marginal gloss to charash, and that, as in Gen 4:20 and 21, there stood before kal originally hu hayah 'abhi. This would make Tubal-cain the founder of the metal industry, and place him in a class similar to that of his brothers. The Septuagint, however, has no equivalent of qayin. This omission leads Dillmann, Wellhausen, and others to the position that "Tubal" originally stood alone, and qayin, being a later addition, was translated "smith." Many commentators identify Tubal with the Assyrian Tubal, a people living Southwest of the Black Sea; in later times they were called "Tibareni" (Ezek 27:13). Tubal may be the eponymous ancestor of these people, whose principal industry seems to have been the manufacture of vessels of bronze and iron.

Horace J. Wolf


TUBIAS

tu'-bi-as (en tois Tobiou; the King James Version "in the places of Tobie," the Revised Version (British and American) "in the land of Tubias"): A place in Gilead where 1,000 men of the Jews were slaughtered by the Gentiles, their wives and children being carried away captive (1 Macc 5:13). It is identified with the land of TOB (which see).


TUBIENI

tu-bi-e'-ni (pros tous legomenous Toubienous Ioudaious, "unto the Jews that are called Tubieni"): Men of TOB (which see) who had occupied the town of Charax (2 Macc 12:17).


TUMOR

tu'-mer, tu'-mor (`ophel): the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes this word for "emerods" in 1 Sam 5:12; 6:4; Dt 28:27 margin.

See EMERODS .


TURBAN

tur'-ban (Lev 16:4 margin).

See DRESS , V.


TURPENTINE TREE

tur'-pen-tin.

See TEREBINTH .


TURTLE-DOVE

tur'-t'-l-duv.

See DOVE .


TUTOR

tu'-ter: In modern English an "instructor," more particularly a private instructor, but the word properly means a "guardian." Hence its use in Gal 4:2 the King James Version for epitropos, here "guardian" (so the Revised Version (British and American)), and 1 Cor 4:15; Gal 3:24,25 the Revised Version (British and American) for paidagogos.

See SCHOOLMASTER .



Placed in the public domain by SpiritAndTruth.org
Report corrections to contact@SpiritAndTruth.org
(Produced: Thu Nov 30 09:19:36 2000)

Help PreviousNext