PREVIOUS | UP | CONTENTS | NEXT |
They are constructed precisely on the same model. They every one of them contain. . . 1. A command . . . to the seer that he should write to the Angel of the Church. 2. One or more glorious titles which Christ claims for Himself. . . 3. The action message from Christ to the Angel of the Church. . . 4. A promise to the faithful. . . 5. . . . an exhortation which give a universal character to these particular addresses.1
The titles used by each letter are taken primarily from John's vision of Jesus in the first chapter (Rev. [[1:12-18|bible.87.1.12-87.1.18]]+) and relate to the situation of the particular church.2Name | Meaning | Titles4 | Commendation | Criticism | Exhortation | Promises | Commentary |
Ephesus | desirable, darling, beloved, relaxation5 | To the angel of the church of Ephesus write, 'These things says He who holds the seven stars in His right hand, who walks in the midst of the seven golden lampstands:' (Rev. [[2:1|bible.87.2.1]]+) | I know your works, your labor, your patience, and that you cannot bear those who are evil. And you have tested those who say they are apostles and are not, and have found them liars; and you have persevered and have patience, and have labored for My name's sake and have not become weary. (Rev. [[2:2-3|bible.87.2.2-87.2.3]]+) But this you have, that you hate the deeds of the Nicolaitans, which I also hate. (Rev. [[2:6|bible.87.2.6]]+) | Nevertheless I have this against you, that you have left your first love. (Rev. [[2:4|bible.87.2.4]]+) | Remember therefore from where you have fallen; repent and do the first works, or else I will come to you quickly and remove your lampstand from its place--unless you repent. (Rev. [[2:5|bible.87.2.5]]+)6 | To him who overcomes I will give to eat from the tree of life, which is in the midst of the Paradise of God. (Rev. [[2:7b|bible.87.2.7]]+) | Revelation 2:1 |
Smyrna | myrrh, bitter7 | And to the angel of the church in Smyrna write, 'These things says the First and the Last, who was dead, and came to life:' (Rev. [[2:8|bible.87.2.8]]+) | I know your works, tribulation, and poverty (but you are rich); and I know the blasphemy of those who say they are Jews and are not, but are a synagogue of Satan. (Rev. [[2:9|bible.87.2.9]]+) | None! | Do not fear any of those things which you are about to suffer. Indeed, the devil is about to throw some of you into prison, that you may be tested, and you will have tribulation ten days. (Rev. [[2:10|bible.87.2.10]]+a) | Be faithful until death, and I will give you the crown of life. (Rev. [[2:10|bible.87.2.10]]+b) | Revelation 2:8 |
Pergamos | much marriage, thoroughly marriage,8 high tower,9 parchment10 | And to the angel of the church in Pergamos write, 'These things says He who has the sharp two-edged sword:' (Rev. [[2:12|bible.87.2.12]]+) | I know your works, and where you dwell, where Satan's throne is. And you hold fast to My name, and did not deny My faith even in the days in which Antipas was My faithful martyr, who was killed among you, where Satan dwells. (Rev. [[2:13|bible.87.2.13]]+) | But I have a few things against you, because you have there those who hold the doctrine of Balaam, who taught Balak to put a stumbling block before the children of Israel, to eat things sacrificed to idols, and to commit sexual immorality. Thus you also have those who hold the doctrine of the Nicolaitans, which thing I hate. (Rev. [[2:14-15|bible.87.2.14-87.2.15]]+) | Repent, or else I will come to you quickly and will fight against them with the sword of My mouth. (Rev. [[2:16|bible.87.2.16]]+) | He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To him who overcomes I will give some of the hidden manna to eat. And I will give him a white stone, and on the stone a new name written which no one knows except him who receives it. (Rev. [[2:17|bible.87.2.17]]+) | Revelation 2:12 |
Thyatira | odor of affliction, continual sacrifice11 , feminine oppression12 | And to the angel of the church in Thyatira write, 'These things says the Son of God, who has eyes like a flame of fire, and His feet like fine brass:' (Rev. [[2:18|bible.87.2.18]]+) | I know your works, love, service, faith, and your patience; and as for your works, the last are more than the first (Rev. [[2:19|bible.87.2.19]]+). | Nevertheless I have a few things against you, because you allow that woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess, to teach and seduce My servants to commit sexual immorality and eat things sacrificed to idols. And I gave her time to repent of her sexual immorality, and she did not repent (Rev. [[2:20-21|bible.87.2.20-87.2.21]]+). | Indeed I will cast her into a sickbed, and those who commit adultery with her into great tribulation, unless they repent of their deeds. I will kill her children with death, and all the churches shall know that I am He who searches the minds and hearts. And I will give to each one of you according to your works. Now to you I say, and to the rest in Thyatira, as many as do not have this doctrine, who have not known the depths of Satan, as they say, I will put on you no other burden. But hold fast what you have till I come (Rev. [[2:22-25|bible.87.2.22-87.2.25]]+). | And he who overcomes, and keeps My works until the end, to him I will give power over the nations-- 'He shall rule them with a rod of iron; They shall be dashed to pieces like the potter's vessels' --as I also have received from My Father; and I will give him the morning star (Rev. [[2:26-28|bible.87.2.26-87.2.28]]+). | Revelation 2:18 |
Sardis | remnant,13 those escaping,14 renovation,15 the sun, red ones, prince of joy16 | And to the angel of the church in Sardis write, 'These things says He who has the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars: (Rev. [[3:1a|bible.87.3.1]]+) | You have a few names even in Sardis who have not defiled their garments (Rev. [[3:4|bible.87.3.4]]+). | I know your works, that you have a name that you are alive, but you are dead (Rev. [[3:1b|bible.87.3.1]]+). | Be watchful, and strengthen the things which remain, that are ready to die, for I have not found your works perfect before God. Remember therefore how you have received and heard; hold fast and repent. Therefore if you will not watch, I will come upon you as a thief, and you will not know what hour I will come upon you (Rev. [[3:2-3|bible.87.3.2-87.3.3]]+). | You have a few names even in Sardis who have not defiled their garments; and they shall walk with Me in white, for they are worthy. He who overcomes shall be clothed in white garments, and I will not blot out his name from the Book of Life; but I will confess his name before My Father and before His angels (Rev. [[3:4-6|bible.87.3.4-87.3.6]]+). | Revelation 3:1 |
Philadelphia | brotherly love | And to the angel of the church in Philadelphia write, 'These things says He who is holy, He who is true, He who has the key of David, He who opens and no one shuts, and shuts and no one opens:' (Rev. [[3:7|bible.87.3.7]]+) | I know your works. See, I have set before you an open door, and no one can shut it; for you have a little strength, have kept My word, and have not denied My name (Rev. [[3:8|bible.87.3.8]]+) you have kept my command to persevere (Rev. [[3:10|bible.87.3.10]]+). | None! | Indeed I will make those of the synagogue of Satan, who say they are Jews and are not, but lie--indeed I will make them come and worship before your feet, and to know that I have loved you. Because you have kept My command to persevere, I also will keep you from the hour of trial which shall come upon the whole world, to test those who dwell on the earth. Behold, I am coming quickly! Hold fast what you have, that no one may take your crown (Rev. [[3:9-11|bible.87.3.9-87.3.11]]+). | He who overcomes, I will make him a pillar in the temple of My God, and he shall go out no more. And I will write on him the name of My God and the name of the city of My God, the New Jerusalem, which comes down out of heaven from My God. And I will write on him My new name (Rev. [[3:12|bible.87.3.12]]+). | Revelation 3:7 |
Laodicea | rule of the people | And to the angel of the church of the Laodiceans write, 'These things says the Amen, the Faithful and True Witness, the Beginning of the creation of God:' (Rev. [[3:14|bible.87.3.14]]+) | None! | I know your works, that you are neither cold nor hot. I could wish you were cold or hot. So then, because you are lukewarm, and neither cold nor hot, I will vomit you out of My mouth. Because you say, 'I am rich, have become wealthy, and have need of nothing' --and do not know that you are wretched, miserable, poor, blind, and naked-- (Rev. [[3:15-17|bible.87.3.15-87.3.17]]+) | I counsel you to buy from Me gold refined in the fire, that you may be rich; and white garments, that you may be clothed, that the shame of your nakedness may not be revealed; and anoint your eyes with eye salve, that you may see. As many as I love, I rebuke and chasten. Therefore be zealous and repent (Rev. [[3:18-19|bible.87.3.18-87.3.19]]+). | Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears My voice and opens the door, I will come in to him and dine with him, and he with Me. To him who overcomes I will grant to sit with Me on My throne, as I also overcame and sat down with My Father on His throne (Rev. [[3:20-21|bible.87.3.20-87.3.21]]+). | Revelation 3:14 |
Notes
1 Richard Chenevix Trench, Commentary on the Epistles to the Seven Churches in Asia (Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 1861), 65-66.
2 "The first thing in common is that every letter has a description of the Messiah taken from the description of the Glorified Son of Man found in chapter one." -- Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, The Footsteps of Messiah, rev ed. (Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries, 2003), 47. "Each feature thus emphasized has an appropriate connection with the nature of the church, as if the manifestation of Christ were specially designed for that church. To the careless assembly at Ephesus He is the inspector who walks among the lampstands; to the oppressed flock of Smyrna threatened by persecution He is the risen Lord whom death could not destroy; to the lax church at Pergamum He appears with the sharp two-edged sword of judgment. Each feature of the portrait is made significant for the addresses." -- Merrill C. Tenney, Interpreting Revelation (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1957), 123.
3 See also [Monty S. Mills, Revelations: An Exegetical Study of the Revelation to John (Dallas, TX: 3E Ministries, 1987), Rev. 2:8].
4 Taken primarily from Rev. [[1:12-18|bible.87.1.12-87.1.18]]+.
5 J. Dwight Pentecost, Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1958), 151.
6 "Gibbon (Decline and Fall, c. lxiv.), . . . writes like one who almost believed that the threatenings and promises of God did fulfill themselves in history: 'In the loss of Ephesus the Christians deplored the fall of the first Angel, the extinction of the first candlestick, of the Revelations; the desolation is complete; and the temple of Diana or the church of Mary will equally elude the search of the curious traveller. The circus and three stately theatres of Laodicea are now peopled with wolves and foxes; Sardis is reduced to a miserable village; the God of Mahomet, without a rival or a son, is invoked in the mosques of Thyatira and Pergamus, and the populousness of Smyrna is supported by the foreign trade of the Franks and Armenians. Philadelphia alone has been saved by prophecy, or courage. . . . Among the Greek colonies and Churches of Asia, Philadelphia is still erect--a column in a scene of ruins,--a pleasing example that the paths of honour and safety may sometimes be the same." -- Trench, Commentary on the Epistles to the Seven Churches in Asia, 187-188.
7 Robert L. Thomas, Revelation 1-7 (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1992), 158.
8 Pentecost, Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology, 152.
9 [J. A. Seiss, The Apocalypse: Lectures on the Book of Revelation (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1966), 71] and [Pentecost, Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology, 152].
10 "This city, whose name means 'parchment,' was where parchment was first manufactured." -- Thomas, Revelation 1-7, 177.
11 Pentecost, Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology, 152.
12 "If we take it as a compound of θυγατης [thygatēs] and τειρω [teirō] , we get the idea of feminine oppression. The false prophets who first enticed the members of this church into apostasy were women." -- Seiss, The Apocalypse: Lectures on the Book of Revelation, 71.
13 "[Some] have derived it from the Hebrew, and have assigned it the signification of remnant, or an escaped few." -- Seiss, The Apocalypse: Lectures on the Book of Revelation, 71.
14 Pentecost, Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology, 152.
15 Pentecost, Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology, 152.
16 Jerome Smith, The New Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1992), Rev. 3:1.
PREVIOUS | UP | CONTENTS | NEXT |